Benchmark assessment of performance indices of a selection of hybrid nanofluids in a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system

Abstract This research is a study assessing the performance of hybrid nanofluids in photovoltaic (PV)–thermal systems. addresses 10 applied to PV–thermal The transition carbon-free energy can mitigate worst effects climate change, ensuring that global sustainability addressed. Clean now responsible for one-third capacity, which 20% attributed solar energy. Renewables continue be economically viable, with declining costs driving growth. aims compare yearly performances model system using different nanofluids. Hybrid constitute two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended base fluid (e.g. water). MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics® computational dynamics software are employed together benchmarking assessment good agreement observed. Various inlet temperatures (Tin ∈ [300, 360] K), nanofluid volume concentrations (φ [0, 4]%) storage-tank volumes (V [50, 300] L) were simulated. meteorological data those Lagos, Nigeria (6° 27’ 55.5192” N, 3° 24’ 23.2128” E). based on analytical-numerical solutions reveals thermal enhancement by ranges from 6.7% (graphene oxide [GO]—multiwalled carbon nanotube [MWCNT]/water) 7% (ZnO—Mn–ZnFe2O4/water) φ = 2% V 300 L. exergy efficiency 2.8% 2.9% (GO—MWCNT/water), also These findings have implications vast range industrial processes, expanding knowledge critical sustainable future. A combined PV-thermal stores modelled. (two fluid) shown enhance annual electrical, exergetic outputs system.